José A. CañizoResearch · Publications · Teaching · Other

# José A. Cañizo - Homepage

I am a researcher at the Department of Applied Mathematics of the University of Granada. I work mainly on existence theory and asymptotic behaviour of kinetic equations and related models, including coagulation and fragmentation processes and nonlocal partial differential equations.

My office is number 14, third floor, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática y Telecomunicación. The mailing address is:

Avenida de Fuentenueva S/N
Spain

Email: | Phone: (+34) 958 24 08 27

## Upcoming activities

### PDE-MANS 2020

The 2020 edition of the PDE-MANS workshop that we organise will take place in Granada from January 8 to 16, 2020. In this edition we will hold a winter school from 8-10 January, with four courses, and a workshop on the following week from 13-16 January. Registration for the school is now open.

### From nonlinear to nonlocal differential equations

I will take part in a summer school in Castro Urdiales, 1-5 June 2020. Here’s the poster.

## Editorial work

I am currently an editor of Communications in Pure and Applied Analysis.

## Preprints & recent publications

Below you can find some recent papers. A full list can be found here.

### Preprints

1. José A. Cañizo and Sebastian Throm. The scaling hypothesis for Smoluchowski’s coagulation equation with bounded perturbations of the constant kernel. 2019.

We consider Smoluchowski’s coagulation equation with a kernel of the form $K=2+\epsilon W$, where $W$ is a bounded kernel of homogeneity zero. For small $\epsilon$, we prove that solutions approach a universal, unique self-similar profile for large times, at almost the same speed as the constant kernel case (the speed is exponential when self-similar variables are considered). All the constants we use can be explicitly estimated. Our method is a constructive perturbation analysis of the equation, based on spectral results on the linearisation of the constant kernel case. To our knowledge, this is the first time the scaling hypothesis can be fully proved for a family of kernels which are not explicitly solvable.

### Some recent publications (see full list here)

1. Jose A. Cañizo, Chuqi Cao, Josephine Evans and Havva Yoldaş. Hypocoercivity of linear kinetic equations via Harris’s Theorem. Accepted in Kinetic and Related Models 13(1), 2020.

We study convergence to equilibrium of the linear relaxation Boltzmann (also known as linear BGK) and the linear Boltzmann equations either on the torus $(x,v)∈ \mathbb{T}^d \times \R^d$ or on the whole space $(x,v) ∈\R^d \times \R^d$ with a confining potential. We present explicit convergence results in total variation or weighted total variation norms (alternatively $L^1$ or weighted $L^1$ norms). The convergence rates are exponential when the equations are posed on the torus, or with a confining potential growing at least quadratically at infinity. Moreover, we give algebraic convergence rates when subquadratic potentials considered. We use a method from the theory of Markov processes known as Harris’s Theorem.

2. José A. Cañizo, Bertrand Lods and Amit Einav. Uniform moment propagation for the Becker-Döring equation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section A: Mathematics 149(4):995–1015, 2019.

We show uniform-in-time propagation of algebraic and stretched exponential moments for the Becker-Döring equations. Our proof is based upon a suitable use of the maximum principle together with known rates of convergence to equilibrium.

3. José A. Cañizo, José A. Carrillo and Manuel Pájaro. Exponential equilibration of genetic circuits using entropy methods. Journal of Mathematical Biology 78(1-2):373–411, 2019.

We analyse a continuum model for genetic circuits based on a partial integro-differential equation initially proposed in Friedman, Cai & Xie (2006) as an approximation of a chemical master equation. We use entropy methods to show exponentially fast convergence to equilibrium for this model with explicit bounds. The asymptotic equilibration for the multidimensional case of more than one gene is also obtained under suitable assumptions on the equilibrium stationary states. The asymptotic equilibration property for networks involving one and more than one gene is investigated via numerical simulations.

4. José A. Cañizo and Havva Yoldaş. Asymptotic behaviour of neuron population models structured by elapsed-time. Nonlinearity 32(2):464–495, 2019.

We study two population models describing the dynamics of interacting neurons, initially proposed by Pakdaman, Perthame, and Salort (2010, 2014). In the first model, the structuring variable $s$ represents the time elapsed since its last discharge, while in the second one neurons exhibit a fatigue property and the structuring variable is a generic “state”. We prove existence of solutions and steady states in the space of finite, nonnegative measures. Furthermore, we show that solutions converge to the equilibrium exponentially in time in the case of weak nonlinearity (i.e., weak connectivity). The main innovation is the use of Doeblin’s theorem from probability in order to show the existence of a spectral gap property in the linear (no-connectivity) setting. Relaxation to the steady state for the nonlinear models is then proved by a constructive perturbation argument.

5. José A. Cañizo and Alexis Molino. Improved energy methods for nonlocal diffusion problems. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - A 38(3):1405–1425, 2018.

We prove an energy inequality for nonlocal diffusion operators of the following type, and some of its generalisations: $Lu (x) := \int_{\mathbb{R}^N} K(x,y) (u(y) - u(x)) \, \mathrm{d}y$, where $L$ acts on a real function u defined on $\mathbb{R}^N$, and we assume that $K(x,y)$ is uniformly strictly positive in a neighbourhood of $x=y$. The inequality is a nonlocal analogue of the Nash inequality, and plays a similar role in the study of the asymptotic decay of solutions to the nonlocal diffusion equation $\partial_t u=Lu$ as the Nash inequality does for the heat equation. The inequality allows us to give a precise decay rate of the $L^p$ norms of $u$ and its derivatives. As compared to existing decay results in the literature, our proof is perhaps simpler and gives new results in some cases (particularly, and surprisingly, in dimensions $N=1,2$).

6. José A. Cañizo and Francesco Patacchini. Discrete minimisers are close to continuum minimisers for the interaction energy. Calculus of Variations & PDE 57(24), 2018.

Under suitable technical conditions we show that minimisers of the discrete interaction energy for attractive-repulsive potentials converge to minimisers of the corresponding continuum energy as the number of particles goes to infinity. We prove that the discrete interaction energy $\Gamma$-converges in the narrow topology to the continuum interaction energy. As an important part of the proof we study support and regularity properties of discrete minimisers: we show that continuum minimisers belong to suitable Morrey spaces and we introduce the set of empirical Morrey measures as a natural discrete analogue containing all the discrete minimisers.

7. José A. Cañizo, Amit Einav and Bertrand Lods. On the rate of convergence to equilibrium for the linear Boltzmann equation with soft potentials. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 462(1):801–839, 2018.

In this work we present several quantitative results of convergence to equilibrium for the linear Boltzmann operator with soft potentials under Grad’s angular cutoff assumption. This is done by an adaptation of the famous entropy method and its variants, resulting in explicit algebraic, or even stretched exponential, rates of convergence to equilibrium under appropriate assumptions. The novelty in our approach is that it involves functional inequalities relating the entropy to its production rate, which have independent applications to equations with mixed linear and non-linear terms. We also briefly discuss some properties of the equation in the non-cutoff case and conjecture what we believe to be the right rate of convergence in that case.

8. José A. Cañizo, Amit Einav and Bertrand Lods. Trend to Equilibrium for the Becker-Döring Equations: An Analogue of Cercignani’s Conjecture. Analysis & PDE 10(7):1663–1708, 2017.

In this work we investigate the rate of convergence to equilibrium for subcritical solutions to the Becker-Döring equations with physically relevant coagulation and fragmentation coefficients and mild assumptions on the given initial data. Using a discrete version of the log-Sobolev inequality with weights we show that in the case where the coagulation coefficient grows linearly and the detailed balance coefficients are of typical form, one can obtain a linear functional inequality for the dissipation of the relative free energy. This results in showing Cercignani’s conjecture for the Becker-Döring equations and consequently in an exponential rate of convergence to equilibrium. We also show that for all other typical cases one can obtain an ’almost’ Cercignani’s conjecture that results in an algebraic rate of convergence to equilibrium. Additionally, we show that if one assumes an exponential moment condition one can recover Jabin and Niethammer’s rate of decay to equilibrium, i.e. an exponential to some fractional power of $t$.

9. María J. Cáceres and José A. Cañizo. Close-to-equilibrium behaviour of quadratic reaction-diffusion systems with detailed balance. Nonlinear Analysis 159:62–84, 2017.

We study general quadratic reaction-diffusion systems with detailed balance, in space dimension $d \leq 4$. We show that close-to-equilibrium solutions (in an $L^2$ sense) are regular for all times, and that they relax to equilibrium exponentially in a strong sense. That is: all detailed balance equilibria are exponentially asymptotically stable in all $L^p$ norms, at least in dimension $d \leq 4$. The results are given in detail for the four-species reaction-diffusion system, where the involved constants can be estimated explicitly. The main novelty is the regularity result and exponential relaxation in Lp norms for p > 1, which up to our knowledge is new in dimensions 3 and 4.